Health
Does Creatine Cause Acne?
Creatine is a popular supplement among athletes and fitness enthusiasts, renowned for its role in enhancing muscle mass and improving exercise performance. Concerns have been raised about its potential link to acne development. The VB Health medical experts look into the current scientific understanding of creatine's relationship with acne, exploring potential mechanisms, indirect factors, and practical recommendations. Investigating the Link Between Creatine and Acne Current scientific evidence does not establish a direct connection between creatine supplementation and the onset or exacerbation of acne. A comprehensive review published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition concluded that creatine supplementation is generally well-tolerated when consumed at recommended dosages, with no significant adverse effects reported, including skin-related issues. Some new research suggests that creatine may offer dermatological benefits. A study in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that topical application of creatine improved skin relief by reducing wrinkle depth and enhancing the skin's structural integrity, indicating potential anti-aging properties. Hormonal Considerations: DHT and Acne While creatine itself hasn't been directly linked to acne, there could be potential hormonal effects of creatine. Though creatine is natural, some studies have indicated that creatine supplementation may lead to an increase in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, a hormone associated with sebum production and acne development. For instance, a study observed a 50% rise in DHT among male participants who supplemented with creatine. Elevated DHT levels can stimulate the sebaceous glands, potentially leading to increased oil production and clogged pores, which are common precursors to acne. However, it's crucial to note that these findings are preliminary, and more extensive research is needed to establish a definitive link between creatine-induced DHT elevation and acne. Indirect Factors: Exercise and Skincare Practices The context in which creatine is often used—intense physical training—can introduce variables that may influence skin health. Regular, vigorous exercise leads to increased sweating, which, if not managed properly, can create an environment conducive to acne development. Sweat can mix with oils and bacteria on the skin's surface, potentially clogging pores and leading to breakouts. Individuals who incorporate creatine into their fitness regimen should also adopt comprehensive skincare routines to mitigate these risks. Proper hydration is also important, as many users forget to drink enough water on creatine. Recommendations for Creatine Users Concerned About Acne For athletes and others considering or currently using creatine supplements and concerned about acne, the following strategies may help maintain clear skin: Maintain Proper Hygiene: Shower promptly after workouts to remove sweat and bacteria from the skin. Use Non-Comedogenic Products: Opt for skincare products labeled as non-comedogenic to ensure they don't clog pores. Monitor Skin Changes: Pay attention to any changes in your skin condition after starting creatine supplementation. If you notice increased breakouts, consult a dermatologist. Stay Hydrated: Adequate hydration supports overall skin health and can help regulate oil production. Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11252073/ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17674-creatine https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7871530/
Learn moreWhy Does Beta Alanine Make You Itch?
Beta-alanine is a common ingredient in preworkout supplements, known for enhancing exercise performance and reducing muscle fatigue. Many users report experiencing a tingling or itching sensation shortly after ingestion. The VB Health experts research this itchy phenomenon, its duration, safety considerations, and strategies to mitigate the sensation. Understanding the Beta-Alanine Itch: Mechanism and Causes The tingling or itching sensation associated with beta-alanine supplementation is known as paresthesia. This non-harmful effect is believed to occur because beta-alanine activates specific G-protein-coupled receptors in the skin, leading to nerve stimulation that manifests as tingling or itching sensations. The intensity of paresthesia varies among individuals and is influenced by factors such as dosage and individual sensitivity. Duration and Onset of Paresthesia Paresthesia typically begins within 10 to 20 minutes after consuming beta-alanine and can last approximately 30 to 60 minutes. The duration and intensity of the sensation are dose-dependent, with higher doses more likely to elicit stronger and longer-lasting effects. While the sensation may be uncomfortable, it is temporary and subsides without intervention. Safety Considerations: Is the Itch Harmful? Research indicates that the tingling sensation from beta-alanine supplementation is harmless. The International Society of Sports Nutrition has concluded that beta-alanine supplementation is safe for healthy individuals at recommended doses. However, individuals with pre-existing skin conditions or heightened sensitivity should consult a healthcare professional before beginning supplementation. Even the most high quality preworkout will have the beta-alanine itch. Strategies to Minimize Beta-Alanine-Induced Paresthesia For those who find the tingling sensation uncomfortable, several strategies can help reduce its intensity: Divided Dosing: Splitting the daily beta-alanine intake into smaller doses throughout the day can lessen the severity of paresthesia. Sustained-Release Formulations: Using sustained-release versions of beta-alanine can provide a gradual release into the bloodstream, minimizing the tingling effect. Lower Individual Doses: Reducing the amount of beta-alanine taken at one time can decrease the likelihood and intensity of paresthesia. Does Pre-Workout Make You Itch? If you've ever experienced an itchy or tingling sensation shortly after consuming a pre-workout supplement, beta-alanine is likely the culprit. Many pre-workout formulas contain beta-alanine due to its proven performance-enhancing benefits, such as improving muscular endurance and reducing fatigue. Beta-alanine activates certain nerve receptors, specifically Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor D (MrgprD), causing the harmless yet uncomfortable sensation known as paresthesia. The intensity and duration of this itching depend on the dose of beta-alanine in the supplement. Symptoms begin within 10 to 20 minutes after consumption and subside within an hour. While unsettling for some, this effect is not dangerous and can be minimized by opting for pre-workouts with lower beta-alanine doses, sustained-release formulations, or dividing intake into smaller amounts throughout the day. Simply using coffee as preworkout is another good option. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3374095/ https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0224-0 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/14/2340
Learn moreDoes Nicotine Make You Poop?
Nicotine is well known for its stimulating effects on the body, but one of its lesser-discussed impacts is its ability to trigger bowel movements. Many smokers, vapers, and users of nicotine products report a near-instant urge to visit the bathroom after consumption. But is this effect real, and if so, what causes it? The VB Health medical experts determine if the science behind nicotine’s impact on digestion is real, and if it truly has a laxative effect. How Nicotine Affects the Digestive System Nicotine, a stimulant found in tobacco and vaping products, affects the body's autonomic nervous system. It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, triggering a cascade of physiological responses. One major area impacted by nicotine is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Studies suggest that nicotine stimulates the enteric nervous system—the network of nerves that control digestion—leading to increased gut motility. This means that food moves more quickly through the intestines, sometimes resulting in an urge to have a bowel movement. Additionally, nicotine can increase the secretion of stomach acid and digestive enzymes, further accelerating the digestive process. Is Nicotine a Laxative? Nicotine has been described as a "natural laxative" by many users, but the mechanism is not as straightforward as traditional laxatives like fiber or stimulant laxatives such as senna. Instead of adding bulk to stool or drawing water into the intestines, nicotine increases peristalsis—the wave-like contractions of the intestinal muscles that push waste toward the rectum. A study published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology found that nicotine can speed up colonic transit time, meaning waste moves through the large intestine more quickly. This effect is particularly noticeable in new smokers, who may experience diarrhea or cramping, but regular nicotine users can develop a tolerance, reducing the impact over time. Does the Delivery Method Matter? The way nicotine is consumed may influence its effect on the bowels. Smoking: Inhaled nicotine quickly enters the bloodstream and stimulates the nervous system, often producing a rapid laxative effect. Vaping: While similar to smoking, vaping may deliver slightly lower doses of nicotine per puff, potentially making its impact on digestion less pronounced. Chewing Tobacco & Nicotine Gum: These oral forms of nicotine take longer to reach the bloodstream, but they can still stimulate digestion by interacting with saliva and gut receptors. Nicotine Patches: Since patches release nicotine gradually, they are less likely to cause immediate digestive stimulation compared to smoking or vaping. Should You Rely on Nicotine for Digestion? While nicotine may help some people regulate their bowel movements, it is not a recommended solution for constipation. Chronic nicotine use comes with significant health risks, including addiction, cardiovascular disease, and increased cancer risk. Once a person stops using nicotine, they may experience constipation as a withdrawal symptom, further complicating digestive health. For those seeking better digestive regularity, a diet rich in fiber, hydration, and regular physical activity is a healthier and more sustainable approach than relying on nicotine. Some people even use probiotics to poop, which is great for some people, but doesn't necessarily work for everyone. Conclusion Yes, nicotine can make you poop—but that doesn’t mean it’s a good idea to use it for that purpose. The stimulant effects of nicotine on the digestive system can increase gut motility, leading to more frequent bowel movements. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance with numerous health risks, and its impact on digestion can vary from person to person. Some new research suggests that nicotine pouches like zyn can cause cancer, but time and more research will determine how serious the risk is. For long-term digestive health, natural methods like a high-fiber diet and adequate hydration are far safer choices. Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16109656/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14616182/ https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/what-we-do/global/nicotine-pouches
Learn moreHow Far Away Is A Cure For Herpes?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide, affecting billions of people. According to the World Health Organization, around 67% of the global population under age 50 has HSV-1 (commonly associated with oral herpes), and 13% has HSV-2 (primarily linked to genital herpes). Once acquired, the virus hides in nerve cells, establishing a lifelong infection with periodic reactivations. This ability to remain dormant and evade the immune system makes herpes exceptionally difficult to cure. Unlike bacteria, which can be eradicated with antibiotics, herpes viruses embed their genetic material into human cells, creating a complex and resilient reservoir. Current treatments, like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, only suppress outbreaks and reduce transmission risk. They do not clear the virus itself. This virological persistence has frustrated researchers for decades, but a new wave of scientific approaches is bringing fresh hope. Cutting-Edge Herpes Therapies The last five years have seen an explosion of innovative strategies aimed at eliminating herpes rather than just managing symptoms. One of the most promising avenues is gene editing using tools like CRISPR-Cas9, which can theoretically cut viral DNA out of infected cells. In 2020, researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center demonstrated that CRISPR could effectively remove over 90% of latent herpes DNA from nerve cells in mice — a crucial step toward a cure. Delivering these genetic scissors safely and effectively in humans remains a massive hurdle. Another emerging approach is therapeutic vaccines. Unlike preventive vaccines, which aim to stop infection altogether, therapeutic vaccines would help the immune system recognize and control already-established infections. Companies like Rational Vaccines and Excision BioTherapeutics are leading efforts in this space, with several vaccines now in early-phase human trials. Excision’s candidate, EBT-101, uses gene editing to target HIV but is also being adapted to fight herpes. Medical experts and scientific researchers caution that these therapies are still years away from regulatory approval. Many interventions work in lab settings, but the jump to safe, scalable human treatments is notoriously difficult. Clinical trial timelines and unforeseen safety issues could push an approved cure well into the 2030s. Why a Herpes Cure Is So Complex Herpes viruses have evolved to be masters of immune evasion, meaning any cure has to overcome layers of biological defenses. Once inside the body, herpes travels to sensory ganglia, a type of nerve cluster, where it hides in a "latent" state. The virus rarely replicates here, making it almost invisible to both the immune system and antiviral drugs. This is why even the most effective antiviral medications can’t touch latent reservoirs — they only work during active outbreaks when the virus is replicating. When compared to health issues like Bacterial Vaginosis, which is treated with antibiotics, herpes is quite complicated. In addition to its stealth, herpes can also subtly modulate the immune system, suppressing antiviral responses while promoting inflammation that may help it spread to new hosts. This double-edged strategy, balancing dormancy with occasional reactivation, makes herpes both tenacious and transmissible — a nightmare combination for those hoping to eradicate it. Because HSV-1 and HSV-2 share similarities but also have important differences, any cure would need to be broadly effective across both types, adding yet another layer of complexity to the challenge. Realistic Timeline For Curing Herpes While the idea of a herpes cure within the next decade is enticing, history urges caution. The first herpes vaccine trial dates back to the 1970s, yet over 50 years later, no vaccine has been approved. Treatments have improved — oral antivirals introduced in the 1980s revolutionized symptom management — but the virus itself remains deeply entrenched in millions of bodies. Many researchers believe that combination approaches — pairing gene editing with immunotherapy or antiviral drugs — will likely be required for a true cure. This multipronged strategy could reduce viral loads, enhance immune surveillance, and potentially clear latent reservoirs over time. Still, even with breakthroughs, widespread availability could be slowed by cost, regulatory hurdles, and public health infrastructure. Patients and researchers must balance optimism with realism. The scientific community has never been closer to a cure, but in the world of herpes research, "close" could still mean a decade or more away. As of 2025, the best advice remains prevention, early diagnosis, and consistent treatment, but a future without herpes is no longer a pipe dream. Sources: World Health Organization. (2022). Herpes Simplex Virus Fact Sheet. Jerome, K.R., et al. (2020). Gene editing to remove herpes simplex virus from latent neurons. Nature Communications. Excision BioTherapeutics. (2023). Pipeline Overview. Johnston, C., & Koelle, D.M. (2021). Future Vaccines and Therapeutics for Genital Herpes. Microbiology Spectrum. Looker, K.J., et al. (2015). Global Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infections in 2012. PLOS ONE. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10301284/ https://hms.harvard.edu/news/what-enables-herpes-simplex-virus-become-impervious-drugs
Learn moreConcussion Supportive Therapy: Treatments and Recovery
Concussions, a type of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), have gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in sports and military settings. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur in the United States each year. However, concussions also result from falls, car accidents, and everyday mishaps, affecting people of all ages. The challenge with concussions is that no two injuries are exactly the same. Symptoms can range from headaches and dizziness to memory problems, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. Historically, the go-to treatment was strict physical and cognitive rest, often referred to as "cocoon therapy" — where patients were told to avoid screens, exercise, and even reading. However, newer research suggests that too much rest might actually slow recovery, sparking a shift toward active rehabilitation that carefully balances rest with gradual re-engagement in physical and cognitive activities. Rest, But Not Too Much: Balancing Activity During Recovery Recent research has challenged the traditional "dark room" approach to concussion management. A 2016 study published in Pediatrics found that adolescents who followed a strict 5-day period of complete rest after a concussion actually reported more symptoms and slower recovery than those who resumed light physical and cognitive activities after 24-48 hours. This shift highlights the importance of early controlled activity as part of supportive therapy. Current guidelines, such as those from the International Consensus on Concussion in Sport (2023), recommend a stepwise return-to-activity protocol, which starts with light aerobic exercise (like walking) and gradually progresses to more intense physical and cognitive tasks as symptoms improve. Studies have shown that aerobic exercise within the first week after injury is associated with faster symptom resolution and lower risk of prolonged post-concussion syndrome (Leddy et al., 2019). For athletes, supervised return-to-play protocols are essential, requiring symptom-free progression at each stage. Non-athletes benefit from similar structured plans to return to work, school, and social activities at a pace tailored to their symptoms. Vision, Vestibular, and Cognitive Rehabilitation Since concussions often disrupt vision, balance, and cognition, targeted therapies have emerged as essential components of recovery. About 30-65% of concussed patients experience vestibular dysfunction—dizziness, balance problems, or vertigo (Master et al., 2018). For these patients, vestibular therapy, which includes exercises to retrain balance and eye movement coordination, can cut recovery time by nearly 50%, according to a 2017 study in The American Journal of Sports Medicine. Similarly, vision therapy can be beneficial for patients with blurry vision, difficulty tracking objects, or eye strain. These visual deficits, often overlooked in standard evaluations, can hinder reading and screen use—key components of work and school. In fact, visual symptoms are present in up to 70% of concussed children (Master et al., 2016). For those experiencing cognitive difficulties, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage the anxiety and mood changes that often accompany concussion. Some clinics also offer neurocognitive rehabilitation, which uses computer-based programs to retrain attention, memory, and processing speed. While evidence for cognitive training is still evolving, multidisciplinary care that combines physical, cognitive, and emotional support appears to improve outcomes more than any single therapy alone (Schneider et al., 2014). Nutrition, Sleep, and Lifestyle While therapy and medical management play central roles in concussion recovery, lifestyle factors such as nutrition and sleep hygiene are equally important. Inflammation is a key driver of post-concussion symptoms, and emerging research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil, may help reduce neuroinflammation and support brain healing (Barrett et al., 2014). Some concussion specialists recommend anti-inflammatory diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, to support recovery. Avoiding food dyes and processed foods could also yield positive results. Sleep disturbances affect up to 70% of concussion patients (Cao et al., 2019), and poor sleep can exacerbate cognitive and emotional symptoms. Concussion clinics increasingly incorporate sleep coaching, addressing sleep hygiene, stress reduction, and, if necessary, short-term use of sleep aids. Lastly, mental health support is crucial, as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more common in individuals recovering from concussions than in the general population. Mindfulness meditation, counseling, and peer support groups can help patients navigate the often unpredictable and frustrating recovery journey. Sources: Leddy JJ, Haider MN, Ellis MJ, et al. (2019). Early Subthreshold Aerobic Exercise for Sport-Related Concussion: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(4), 319-325. Master CL, Master SR, Wiebe DJ, et al. (2018). Vision and Vestibular System Dysfunction Predicts Prolonged Concussion Recovery in Children. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 28(2), 139-145. Schneider KJ, Meeuwisse WH, Nettel-Aguirre A, et al. (2014). Cervicovestibular Rehabilitation in Sport-Related Concussion: A Randomized Controlled Trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(17), 1294-1298. Barrett EC, McBurney MI, Ciappio ED. (2014). Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as a Potential Therapeutic Aid for the Recovery from Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion. Advances in Nutrition, 5(3), 268-277. Cao J, Lu Y, Dong L, et al. (2019). Sleep Disturbance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Objective Research. Sleep Medicine, 64, 45-52. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3021720/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3735746/
Learn moreWhat Food Dyes Are Bad For You?
For over a century, synthetic food dyes have been adding vibrant hues to candy, cereals, beverages, and processed snacks. From bright red gummy bears to neon blue sodas, these artificial colors make food visually appealing—especially to children. But behind their eye-catching glow lies a complicated and often controversial history, with growing concerns about potential health risks. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently approves nine synthetic dyes for use in food, with Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6 being the most common. These dyes are derived from petroleum and are cheaper and more stable than natural colorants. Numerous studies have questioned their safety, especially regarding their effects on children’s behavior, allergies, and even cancer risk. In the European Union, many artificial dyes carry warning labels advising that they "may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children." In the U.S., food labels do not carry such warnings, leaving consumers largely unaware of the controversy brewing over their favorite colorful treats. The Science Behind Food Dye Risks Artificial dyes have been linked to a range of health concerns, ranging from serious to headaches, but the strongest evidence relates to their impact on behavior in children. A landmark 2007 study published in The Lancet found that children who consumed certain artificial colors and the preservative sodium benzoate showed increased hyperactivity compared to those who did not. This research prompted the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to reevaluate its stance on synthetic dyes, leading to the mandatory warning labels still required today in Europe. In the United States, the FDA reviewed the same data but concluded there was insufficient evidence to ban or label synthetic dyes. Subsequent studies have reinforced concerns. A 2012 analysis by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) found that Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6—all among the most widely used dyes—were contaminated with benzidine and other carcinogens. Even at low levels, these contaminants raise questions about long-term cancer risk. A 2021 review in Environmental Health noted that the average American child consumes significantly more artificial food dye than they did in the 1950s—an estimated 68 milligrams per day compared to just 12 milligrams then. With synthetic dyes in everything from breakfast cereals to toothpaste, cumulative exposure could be more concerning than previously thought. The Worst Offenders: Dyes to Watch Out For While all synthetic dyes come with some level of controversy, certain colors stand out as especially problematic based on existing data. Red 40: The most widely used dye in the U.S., found in everything from sodas to snack cakes. Red 40 has been linked to hyperactivity in children and may contain trace levels of carcinogenic contaminants. Yellow 5: Common in candy, gelatin desserts, and chips, this dye is associated with allergic reactions, particularly in people sensitive to aspirin. It has also been implicated in behavioral issues. Yellow 6: Found in cheese products, baked goods, and desserts, Yellow 6 has also been shown to contain traces of cancer-causing substances. By contrast, natural colorings like beet juice, turmeric, and spirulina are generally considered safe, though they may be less vibrant and more expensive for manufacturers to use. RFK versus Food Dyes Concerns about artificial food dyes date back to the 1970s, when Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s family became involved in the movement to regulate food additives. Inspired in part by the work of Dr. Benjamin Feingold, a pediatrician who linked artificial colors to hyperactivity in children, the Kennedy family supported efforts to bring more public attention to the issue. RFK Jr. has since continued to advocate for cleaner food policies, citing synthetic dyes as an example of how the food industry prioritizes profit over public health. While his activism spans many environmental and health causes, his stance on food dyes aligns with a broader push for transparency and safer alternatives in processed foods. What Can Consumers Do? In the absence of clear warnings on food labels in the U.S., the responsibility falls largely on consumers to read ingredient lists and make informed choices. Parents of children with attention disorders or behavioral sensitivities may want to minimize artificial dye consumption as a precaution. Public pressure has led some companies to respond voluntarily. Major brands like Kraft, General Mills, and Nestlé have reformulated some products to use natural colorants instead of synthetic dyes. Many brightly colored foods still rely heavily on artificial dyes, particularly in lower-cost processed products. In general, the science suggests it’s worth thinking twice before reaching for that rainbow-colored snack. Sources: McCann, D., Barrett, A., Cooper, A., et al. (2007). Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 370(9598), 1560-1567. Center for Science in the Public Interest (2012). Food Dyes: A Rainbow of Risks. Retrieved from https://cspinet.org/resource/food-dyes-rainbow-risks Stevens, L., Kuczek, T., Burgess, J., et al. (2014). Mechanisms of Behavioral, Atopic, and Other Reactions to Artificial Food Colors in Children. Nutrition Reviews, 72(5), 268-281. Environmental Health (2021). Dietary exposure to synthetic food dyes and behavioral outcomes in children: a systematic review. Retrieved from https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-021-00790-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2957945/ https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9
Learn moreHeadache Location Meaning
Headaches centered in the forehead are among the most common, and their meaning depends largely on the sensation and the context. Tension headaches, the most frequent type of headache, often feel like a dull, tight band stretching across the forehead. They are typically caused by stress, poor posture, eye strain, or even dehydration. Drinking enough water is key to preventing headaches. These headaches can be mild to moderate and are more annoying than debilitating. Sinus headaches can also strike in the forehead area, especially if the frontal sinuses (located above the eyebrows) are inflamed due to a sinus infection or seasonal allergies. These headaches are often accompanied by nasal congestion, facial pressure, and a sensation of fullness, especially when bending forward. Side of the Head: The Migraine Zone If your headache is concentrated on one side of the head — either the left or right — it could signal a migraine. Migraines are more than just pain; they often come with nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes visual disturbances known as aura. The pain tends to be throbbing or pulsating and can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. While the exact cause of migraines isn’t fully understood, they’re often triggered by hormonal changes, certain foods, lack of sleep, or stress. Consuming alcohol to the point of a long lasting hangover can also cause headache. Hangover prevention is important to consider the night before. Another possibility for side-specific headaches is a cluster headache, which is rare but extremely painful. Cluster headaches strike one side of the head, usually around or behind the eye, and can occur in bouts lasting weeks or months before disappearing. Cluster headaches are often accompanied by eye watering, nasal congestion, and a sense of restlessness during the attacks. Back of the Head and Neck: Tension or Occipital Neuralgia Pain that starts at the base of the skull and radiates upward is often associated with tension headaches, especially when caused by poor posture (think slouching at your desk) or neck strain. These headaches can feel like a tight band wrapping around your head from the back to the front. Another possibility is occipital neuralgia, a condition that occurs when the occipital nerves (running from the top of the spinal cord into the scalp) become irritated or inflamed. This type of headache causes sharp, shooting pain in the back of the head, sometimes radiating to the sides or behind the eyes. Occipital neuralgia can be triggered by neck tension, injury, or even conditions like arthritis. Top of the Head: A Less Common Spot Headaches located at the crown of the head (the very top) are less common but can still occur, often linked to tension headaches. These may happen if the scalp muscles are tight, or if posture problems strain the muscles connecting the neck and scalp. In rarer cases, headaches at the top of the head could relate to cervicogenic headaches, which originate from problems in the neck, such as a herniated disc or arthritis. The pain is referred upward, meaning the source is in the neck but the sensation is felt at the top of the head. Around or Behind the Eyes: Sinus or Cluster Headache Headaches centered behind or around the eyes often point to sinus infections or cluster headaches. Sinus headaches, caused by inflamed sinuses, can create pressure and pain around the eyes, often accompanied by facial tenderness, congestion, and a sense of fullness. Cluster headaches, on the other hand, are far more intense. These cause severe, piercing pain on one side, centered around one eye. They are often linked to autonomic symptoms, like tearing, redness, and a drooping eyelid on the affected side. These headaches tend to come in "clusters," with frequent attacks over days or weeks, often at the same time each day. When to See a Doctor Headache location can provide important clues, but context is key. If your headaches are sudden and severe, worsen over time, come with neurological symptoms like weakness or vision changes, or disrupt your daily life, you should see your doctor.. Sometimes, headache location can hint at more serious issues like high blood pressure, meningitis, or even a brain tumor, though these are much less common than primary headache disorders. Sources: National Headache Foundation. (2023). Types of Headaches. Retrieved from https://headaches.org American Migraine Foundation. (2022). Migraine Types and Symptoms. Retrieved from https://americanmigrainefoundation.org Mayo Clinic. (2023). Tension Headache. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3690498/
Learn moreHow Does Accutane Work?
Accutane, the brand name for isotretinoin, is a prescription medication used to treat severe, stubborn acne — particularly nodular or cystic acne that hasn’t responded to other treatments like antibiotics or topical creams. Approved by the FDA in 1982, Accutane has built a reputation as something of an acne "last resort," but also as one of the most effective treatments ever developed. The reason Accutane is so powerful comes down to the fact that it doesn’t just target acne at the surface level — it fundamentally changes how your sebaceous (oil) glands function, drastically reducing the factors that cause acne at the root. For many patients, it offers long-term or even permanent clearance after a single course of treatment. Shutting Down Oil Production: Accutane’s Primary Mechanism At the heart of Accutane’s effectiveness is its ability to shrink sebaceous glands, the tiny oil-producing structures in the skin. These glands naturally produce sebum, an oily substance that helps keep skin hydrated, but in acne-prone skin, they tend to go into overdrive, producing excess oil that clogs pores. Accutane works by reducing the size and activity of these glands — in some cases, permanently. Studies show that sebum production can drop by up to 90% during treatment. With less oil on the skin, pores are far less likely to become clogged, and acne-causing bacteria like Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) lose their ideal breeding ground. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Renewal Effects Accutane is a derivative of vitamin A (retinoic acid), which means it also works directly on skin cells. It regulates cell turnover, helping skin cells shed properly instead of sticking together and clogging pores. This normalization of skin shedding is crucial because one of the root causes of acne is a failure of old skin cells to slough off efficiently. Accutane has anti-inflammatory properties. Acne is not just a clogged pore problem — it’s also an inflammatory disease. Isotretinoin reduces inflammation at the follicular level, helping to calm the red, swollen lesions associated with severe acne. A Whole-Body Treatment for a Local Problem Unlike topical treatments, which only work where they’re applied, Accutane is taken orally, meaning it affects the entire body — including all of the skin’s sebaceous glands. This system-wide effect is what makes Accutane so effective for widespread or severe acne, including acne on the back, chest, and shoulders, which can be harder to treat with creams or washes. However, this whole-body effect also explains why Accutane has a reputation for side effects, including dry skin, chapped lips, dry eyes, and nosebleeds — all related to reduced oil production. More serious (but rarer) risks include liver issues, elevated triglycerides, and mood changes, which is why treatment requires close medical monitoring, including regular blood tests. Why Accutane Works Long-Term — Even After Stopping One of the most unique aspects of Accutane is its potential to provide long-lasting remission from acne. Research shows that after completing a typical 4-6 month course, about 50-70% of patients remain acne-free for years, if not permanently. For those who relapse, the acne is often milder and more responsive to conventional treatments. Scientists believe this is because Accutane doesn’t just reduce oil production temporarily — it may permanently alter sebaceous gland structure and function, essentially "resetting" the skin’s oil balance. This kind of long-term impact sets it apart from antibiotics, birth control pills, and topical treatments, which only work for as long as they are used. Alternative Treatments: Exploring Options Beyond Accutane While Accutane is incredibly effective for severe acne, it’s not the right choice for everyone. Its potential side effects—from extreme dryness to more serious concerns like liver toxicity and birth defects—mean some patients and doctors prefer to explore gentler alternatives first. Fortunately, there are a range of alternative treatments, including both prescription medications and supplements, that can help manage acne, especially for those with mild to moderate breakouts or those wary of systemic medications. Topical Retinoids: A Gentler Vitamin A Option For people with less severe acne, topical retinoids like tretinoin (Retin-A) or adapalene (Differin) offer a more localized version of vitamin A therapy. These creams and gels work by accelerating cell turnover, preventing dead skin from clogging pores. While they don’t shrink oil glands like Accutane, they help clear pores and reduce inflammation, and they’re often used in combination with other treatments. Hormonal Therapies for Hormonal Acne For women, acne is often hormonally driven, especially around the jawline or during the menstrual cycle. Oral contraceptives that contain both estrogen and progestin can help regulate hormones that trigger excess oil production. Another popular option is spironolactone, a medication originally used to treat high blood pressure, which blocks androgens—the hormones that rev up oil glands. Both treatments work especially well for adult female acne. Phytoceramide Supplements: Supporting the Skin Barrier from Within Phytoceramides—plant-derived versions of ceramides, which are natural lipids found in skin—are gaining attention as a skin health supplement. While they’re most often marketed for anti-aging and hydration, emerging research suggests they may also play a role in supporting skin barrier function and reducing inflammation, which could indirectly help improve acne. Acne-prone skin often has a weakened barrier, leaving it vulnerable to irritation, bacteria, and excess oil production. Phytoceramide acne prevention supplements, typically sourced from rice, wheat, or sweet potatoes, work by replenishing ceramides in the skin, improving moisture retention and reducing the inflammatory triggers that can worsen acne. Phytoceramide's barrier-strengthening properties make them an intriguing complementary approach—especially for people experiencing dryness and irritation from other acne treatments. Diet and Lifestyle Changes There’s no magic acne diet, but growing evidence suggests that high-glycemic foods, excess dairy, and whey protein may contribute to breakouts in some people. Diet adjustments, such as switching to low-glycemic foods, cutting back on sugary snacks, taking a daily multivitamin, and opting for plant-based or non-dairy milk, could help reduce acne triggers in sensitive individuals. While diet changes alone usually aren’t enough to clear severe acne, they can be part of a holistic skin care plan. Just be sure to do proper research. Using semen for skincare is a funny idea, but some other unproven treatments could be harmful. Sources: Zaenglein, A. L., et al. (2016). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5), 945-973.e33. Layton, A. M. (2009). The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermato-Endocrinology, 1(3), 162–169. National Library of Medicine. (2022). Isotretinoin: MedlinePlus Drug Information. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681043.html Dréno, B., et al. (2018). How people with acne perceive and experience their condition: An international survey. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32(5), 850-856. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835909/
Learn moreDo Zyns Cause Gum Cancer
Zyns — those small, white, spit-free nicotine pouches — have exploded in popularity over the past few years. Marketed as a "cleaner" alternative to smoking or chewing tobacco, Zyns contain synthetic nicotine along with flavorings and fillers, but no tobacco leaf itself. Users tuck a pouch between their gum and lip, where nicotine is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. The appeal is clear: no smoke, no spit, no stained teeth (at least compared to traditional chewing tobacco). But with their rise in use — especially among younger adults — comes the inevitable question: Could Zyns cause cancer, particularly gum cancer? After all, these pouches sit directly on the delicate gum tissue for up to an hour at a time, often repeatedly throughout the day. The Science So Far: Do Zyns Increase Gum Cancer Risk? Right now, the direct link between Zyns and gum cancer hasn’t been conclusively proven. That’s partly because Zyns are relatively new to the market — they were first introduced in the U.S. in 2019 — meaning long-term health data simply doesn’t exist yet. However, research into oral nicotine exposure and cancer risk offers some clues. Historically, smokeless tobacco products (like chewing tobacco and snus) have been strongly linked to oral cancers, including cancers of the gums, cheeks, and lips. According to the National Cancer Institute, users of traditional smokeless tobacco have a 50% higher risk of developing oral cancers compared to non-users. But unlike traditional smokeless tobacco, Zyns don’t contain tobacco leaf — they only contain synthetic nicotine. This distinction matters because tobacco leaf contains carcinogenic nitrosamines — chemicals formed during tobacco curing and processing. Zyns, lacking actual tobacco, have significantly lower levels of these nitrosamines (if any). However, nicotine itself is not entirely innocent. Studies have shown that nicotine can promote cellular changes, impair immune responses, and potentially contribute to the early stages of cancer development by promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis (blood vessel formation in abnormal tissue). Nicotine and Your Gums: What Damage Can Zyns Cause? Even if Zyns don’t directly cause gum cancer, research does suggest they may harm gum tissue in ways that could create a riskier environment. A 2022 study published in Tobacco Induced Diseases looked at the effects of nicotine pouches on oral health and found that chronic pouch use was associated with gum irritation, recession, and inflammation. When gums become chronically inflamed, the tissue is more vulnerable to cellular mutations, especially when exposed to substances like nicotine. This matches what dentists have already started to see in practice: patients who use Zyns regularly often show signs of localized gum damage, particularly in the area where the pouch sits. While inflammation itself isn’t cancer, chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for many cancers, including oral cancers. In short, while Zyns likely carry a lower cancer risk than traditional smokeless tobacco, they are not risk-free. Their nicotine content and their direct contact with gum tissue raise legitimate concerns about their long-term safety — concerns that are amplified by the fact that many Zyn users are young people who may use pouches heavily for years to come. The Bottom Line: Should You Worry About Cancer From Zyns? As of now, there’s no definitive evidence proving that Zyns directly cause gum cancer. Given what we know about nicotine’s effects on gum health — and the established link between other smokeless nicotine products and oral cancer — experts advise caution. If you use Zyns, pay close attention to your oral health. Watch for persistent gum soreness, white or red patches, non-healing ulcers, or gum recession — all potential warning signs of both precancerous changes and serious gum disease. Regular dental check-ups are essential, especially for heavy or long-term users. Zyns might be less harmful than chewing tobacco or cigarettes, but they’re far from harmless — and the gum cancer question is far from settled. Until long-term research gives clearer answers, the safest bet for your gums (and your overall health) is to avoid regular nicotine pouch use altogether. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4553893/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5362067/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38316758/
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